Co-education (تعلیم
)is a system (نظام
)of educating boys (لڑکوں
)and girls (لڑکیوں
)together(مل کر
). In ancient (قدیم
)times(اوقات
), co-education was (تھا
)prevalent (مقبول
)in Greece(یونان
). Today, this system (نظام
)of education (تعلیم
)is there in almost all the countries of the world. It is economical(اقتصادی
). It generates (پیدا
)a spirit of comradeship (...
)between boys (لڑکوں
)and(اور
) girls.

















The problem (مسئلہ
)of shortage (کمی
)of trained (تربیت
)teachers (اساتذہ
)can be dealt (نمٹا
)with(کے ساتھ
) by this system(نظام
). Boys (لڑکوں
)overcome (پر قابو پانے کے
)their curiosity (تجسس
)and(اور
) girls, their (ان
)shyness(شرم
). They learn (جاننے کے
)to respect (احترام
)one another(دوسرے
). Though (اگرچہ
)a few conservative (قدامت پسند
)people (لوگ
)are against (کے خلاف
)this system(نظام
), their views (خیالات
)do not hold ground. Co-education generates harmonious (ہم آہنگ
)relationship(تعلقات
), a sense (احساس
)of co-operation(آپریشن
), and thus, helps in the progress (ترقی
)of the nation(قوم
).




























Co-education is a system (نظام
)of educating (تعلیم
)boys (لڑکوں
)and (اور
)girls (لڑکیوں
)together(مل کر
). In ancient (قدیم
)times, co-education existed (موجود
)in Sparta (سپارٹا
)in Greece(یونان
). There was no discrimination (امتیاز
)between (کے درمیان
)boys and girls. They studied (مطالعہ
)and played (کھیلا
)together. Along (ساتھ
)with academic (تعلیمی
)education, physical (جسمانی
)training was also (بھی
)given (دیا
)to both (دونوں
)the sexes(جنسوں
).





















Plato(افلاطون
), the Greek (یونانی
)philosopher(فلسفی
), believed (خیال کیا جاتا ہے
)that co-education helped (مدد کی
)in the development (ترقی
)of personality (شخصیت
)of both men (مردوں
)and women (خواتین
)and created (پیدا
)a feeling (محسوس
)of comradeship among (کے درمیان
)them. He felt (محسوس
)that co-education (تعلیم
)was the only (صرف
)method (طریقہ
)to make(بنانے
) both (دونوں
)men and women useful (مفید
)members (کے ارکان
)of society(معاشرے
). Hence(اس وجہ سے
), in the west(مغرب
), the importance (اہمیت
)of co-education has been felt since (کے بعد
)ancient (قدیم
)times.


























In early (ابتدائی
)Vedic Society (معاشرے
)(Ancient India(بھارت
)), co-education was prevalent (مقبول
)in a few (چند
)places(مقامات
). But gradually (آہستہ آہستہ
)female (لڑکی
)education (تعلیم
)began(شروع
) to be ignored(نظر انداز
). Moreover(اس کے علاوہ
), the system (نظام
)of education(تعلیم
) was quite different (مختلف
)from that of today(آج
). The boys stayed (رہے
)in Gurukuls, for the whole (پوری
)educational (تعلیمی
)period(مدت
). There they received (موصول
)both (دونوں
)in academic (تعلیمی
)education (تعلیم
)and physical (جسمانی
)training(تربیت
). The former (سابق
)included (شامل
)the study (مطالعہ
)of the scriptures (صحیفوں
)and the latter(آخرالذکر
), training (تربیت
)in warfare(جنگ
). Girls (لڑکیوں
)were not sent (بھیجا
)to the Gurukuls, and (اور
)thus were deprived (محروم
)of the benefits (فوائد
)of education.






































In medieval (قرون وسطی کے
)India, those belonging (سے تعلق رکھنے والے
)to lower (کم
)castes (جاتیوں
)and the womenfolk (...
)were not allowed (کی اجازت
)to attend (میں شرکت
)schools (اسکولوں
)or study (مطالعہ
)the scriptures(صحیفوں
). Raja Rammohan Roy, great (عظیم
)social (سماجی
)reformer (سدارک
)and scholar(عالم
), fought against (کے خلاف
)this practice (پریکٹس
)and succeeded (کامیاب
)in his mission(مشن
). His job (کام
)was further (مزید
)carried on by other(دیگر
) social reformers.





















Today(آج
), co-education (تعلیم
)is prevalent in almost (تقریبا
)all (تمام
)the countries (ممالک
)of the world(دنیا
). In India(بھارت
), there are a number (تعداد
)of co-educational schools(اسکولوں
), colleges (کالج
)and universities(یونیورسٹیوں
).











There are a number (تعداد
)of advantages (فوائد
)in the co-educational system (نظام
)of education(تعلیم
). It is economical. Poor (غریب
)countries (ممالک
)cannot (نہیں کر سکتے ہیں
)afford (متحمل
)to open separate (علیحدہ
)schools (اسکولوں
)for boys (لڑکوں
)and girls. If boys (لڑکوں
)and girls are taught together in the same school, then there will be no need to open separate schools for them. Thus, the cost (لاگت آئے
)to be incurred (خرچ
)on building (عمارت
)infrastructure(بنیادی ڈھانچے
), furniture, stationery, personnel (اہلکار
)recruitment(بھرتی
), etc. will be saved.


















There is a shortage (کمی
)of good (اچھا
)trained (تربیت
)teachers in developing (ترقی
)countries (ممالک
)like India(بھارت
). If there is co-education, same (اسی
)staff can teach (سکھانا
)both boys(لڑکوں
) and girls (لڑکیوں
)at the same time in the same (اسی
)class, and the problem (مسئلہ
)of shortage (کمی
)can be dealt with. Establishing more (زیادہ
)of co-educational schools can help (مدد
)in spreading literacy (خواندگی
)even (بھی
)with the limited teaching (تعلیم
)staff (عملے
)and infrastructure(بنیادی ڈھانچے
). Thus, it will be beneficial for both boys (لڑکوں
)and girls (لڑکیوں
)and the nation (قوم
)as a whole(پوری
).
























Co-education helps (میں مدد ملتی ہے
)the boys (لڑکوں
)and girls (لڑکیوں
)to intermingle (ملنا
)and understand (سمجھ
)each other (دیگر
)well. They become (بن
)more broad-minded and tolerant (روادار
)towards the opposite (مخالف
)gender(صنفی
). They interact (بات چیت
)freely (آزادی
)with(کے ساتھ
) one another(دوسرے
), thereby (اس طرح
)overcoming (پر قابو پانے
)hesitation (ہچکچاہٹ
)and shyness(شرم
). Thus, co-education leads (کی طرف جاتا ہے
)to a healthy and harmonious (ہم آہنگ
)relationship (تعلقات
)between (کے درمیان
)boys and girls.






















In a co-educational school, boys are free (مفت
)to meet (سے ملاقات
)and talk (بات
)with girls. They(وہ
) develop (ترقی
)a feeling of friendship (دوستی
)among (کے درمیان
)themselves(خود
). Boys then, usually (عام طور پر
)don't indulge (شریک
)in eve-teasing(چڑھا
). Co-education(تعلیم
) contributes to the balanced (متوازن
)development (ترقی
)of the personality (شخصیت
)of boys (لڑکوں
)and girls(لڑکیوں
).

















A new (نئے
)study (مطالعہ
)has revealed (انکشاف
)that the co-educational schools (اسکولوں
)are better (بہتر
)as the presence (کی موجودگی
)of girls in classes (کلاس
)restrains (...
)boys from(سے
) indulging in unruly (اپددری
)behavior (رویے
)and improves (بہتر
)their academic (تعلیمی
)performance(کارکردگی
). Infact, a higher percentage (فیصد
)of girls (لڑکیوں
)not only lowers the amount (رقم
)of classroom (کلاس روم
)disruption (خلل
)but also (بھی
)fosters a better relationship (تعلقات
)between (کے درمیان
)(کے درمیان
)students and their teachers. The researchers found (ملا
)that classes (کلاس
)with more than 55% of girls (لڑکیوں
)resulted (نتیجے
)in better exam (امتحان
)results and less violent (تشدد
)outbursts (دھماکہ
)overall(مجموعی طور پر
). Boys (لڑکوں
)with more (زیادہ
)female (لڑکی
)peers in their classes (کلاس
)showed (سے ظاہر ہوتا ہے
)higher (اعلی
)enrolment rates in both advanced mathematics and science classes, but overall (مجموعی طور پر
)benefits (فوائد
)were found in all grades for both (دونوں
)sexes. They conclude (اختتام
)that this effect (اثر
)is due (کی وجہ سے
)to the positive (مثبت
)influence(اثر انداز
), the girls (لڑکیوں
)are adding to the classroom (کلاس روم
)environment(ماحول
).
















































Infact the study found that primary (پرائمری
)school classrooms (کلاس روم
)with a female (لڑکی
)majority (اکثریت
)showed (سے ظاہر ہوتا ہے
)increased (اضافہ
)academic (تعلیمی
)success (کامیابی
)for both (دونوں
)boys and girls. In the middle (مشرق
)and high (اعلی
)(اعلی
)schools(اسکولوں
), the classrooms (کلاس روم
)which (جس
)had the best academic (تعلیمی
)achievements (کامیابیوں
)overall (مجموعی طور پر
)were consistently (مسلسل
)those that had (تھا
)a higher proportion (تناسب
)of girls enrolled(داخلہ
). The researchers (محققین
)suggest (مشورہ
)that boys and girls may (ہو سکتا ہے
)learn (جاننے کے
)differently, but it is better not to send (بھیجنے
)them to sex-segregated schools(اسکولوں
).




























Boys (لڑکوں
)become conscious (ہوش
)of their dressing (ڈریسنگ
)habits(عادات
), behavior (رویے
)and the style (انداز
)girls(لڑکیوں
). They work (کام
)hard to remain (رہ
)ahead (آگے
)of one another(دوسرے
). Co-education reduces (کم کر دیتا ہے
)gender (صنفی
)bias in the society(معاشرے
). It generates (پیدا
)a feeling of equality (مساوات
)between (کے درمیان
)both and (اور
)sexes. The feeling of male (لڑکا
)dominance (غلبے
)may (ہو سکتا ہے
)be wiped (مسح
)out (باہر
)from (سے
)the society (معاشرے
)if this system (نظام
)of education is given (دیا
)importance(اہمیت
).




























However(تاہم
), some people (لوگ
)are opposed (کی مخالفت
)to the system of co-education(تعلیم
). According (کے مطابق
)to them, this system (نظام
)is against (کے خلاف
)the Indian (بھارتی
)culture(ثقافت
) and tradition(روایت
). It is also (بھی
)argued (کا کہنا تھا
)that girls feel (محسوس
)more free (مفت
)in an institution (ادارے
)which is meant (مراد
)only for girls. As such they have greater (زیادہ
)scope of developing their personality(شخصیت
). They also participate (شرکت
)in sports(کھیلوں
), dramatics (ڈرامائی
)and debates (بحث
)more freely(آزادی
).























Teachers (اساتذہ
)of some (کچھ
)subjects (مضامین
)like Biology (حیاتیات
)also (بھی
)find (تلاش
)it easier (آسان
)to explain (وضاحت
)some chapters (ابواب
)more (زیادہ
)thoroughly (اچھی طرح
)if only girls or only (صرف
)boys (لڑکوں
)are sitting (بیٹھے
)in the class. Sex (جنسی
)education (تعلیم
)has also been introduced (متعارف
)and in co-educational schools even teachers find it difficult to discuss (بات چیت
)such topics (موضوعات
)in the class.



















It is also (بھی
)felt (محسوس
)that since (کے بعد
)students (طالب علموں کو
)(especially teenagers 13-19 years of age) are of impressionable (متاثر
)age, the possibility (امکان
)of their going (جا
)astray(گمراہ
) is much more (زیادہ
)in co-educational institutions(اداروں
), where they enjoy (سے لطف اندوز
)more freedom (آزادی
)of intermingling (...
)with the other sex(جنسی
). They also (بھی
)do not remain (رہ
)focused (توجہ مرکوز
)on studies.

















It should (کرنا چاہیے
)be acknowledged (اعتراف کیا
)that in the fast (روزہ
)changing (تبدیل کرنے
)society (معاشرے
)of twenty (بیس
)first century (صدی
)co-education has to become (بن
)the (...
)order (حکم
)of the day(دن
). Today girls (لڑکیوں
)are entering (میں داخل
)all professions (پیشوں
)in large (بڑی
)numbers(تعداد
). Many (بہت
)of them are heading (سرخی
)big organizations(تنظیموں
). Co-education will help (مدد
)young boys (لڑکوں
)and girls (لڑکیوں
)to mix (ملا
)freely (آزادی
)and understand (سمجھ
)one another (دوسرے
)better(بہتر
). Today's children (بچوں
)are tomorrow(کل
)'s citizens(شہریوں
). We must encourage (حوصلہ افزائی
)them to develop (ترقی
)their personality (شخصیت
)in a free (مفت
)healthy (صحت مند
)atmosphere. Girls (لڑکیوں
)no more have to remain (رہ
)confined (تک محدود
)to the four walls (دیواروں
)of the house. Co-education will help(مدد
) both (دونوں
)sexes to learn (جاننے کے
)and work together (مل کر
)for the progress (ترقی
)of the country(ملک
).













































I study (مطالعہ
)in a co-education (تعلیم
)school. In my (میرے
)class (کلاس
)there are about (کے بارے میں
)twenty (بیس
)boys and (اور
)twelve girls(لڑکیوں
). We learn many (بہت
)things one another (دوسرے
)in the course (کورس
)of being (کیا جا رہا ہے
)in the same (اسی
)class (کلاس
)everyday. Sometimes (کبھی کبھی
)the interaction (بات چیت
)is pleasant (خوشگوار
)and sometimes (کبھی کبھی
)not. In other words (الفاظ
)co-education (تعلیم
)has its good (اچھا
)points (پوائنٹس
)and bad (بری
)points(پوائنٹس
), that is, its advantages (فوائد
)and disadvantages(نقصانات
).


























The main (اہم
)advantage (فائدہ
)that I can see (دیکھ
)is that we learn (جاننے کے
)that boys(لڑکوں
) are different (مختلف
)from girls (لڑکیوں
)in many ways(طریقوں
). In short, we learn (جاننے کے
)how (کس طرح
)to handle (کو سنبھالنا
)each (ہر
)other. Boys tend (کی دیکھ بھال
)to be more (زیادہ
)physical(جسمانی
), while (جبکہ
)girls (لڑکیوں
)are far gentler(...
). However (تاہم
)this is not (نہیں
)a universal (عالمگیر
)rule(حکمرانی
), for tom-boys (لڑکوں
)do exist (وجود
)in our class (کلاس
)and they (وہ
)pack a harder(مشکل
) wallop than (سے
)some sissies who (جو
)also exist in our class(کلاس
). Anyhow (کسی بھی طرح
)I learn (جاننے کے
)that the two (دو
)sexes behave generally (عام طور پر
)in fixed (مقرر
)manners(آداب
) although (اگرچہ
)there are exceptions(مستثنیات
).






































I suppose (فرض
)this sort (ترتیب دیں
)of interaction (بات چیت
)will (گے
)come (آ
)in useful(مفید
) in the future (مستقبل
)when (جب
)boys and (اور
)girls (لڑکیوں
)become men(مردوں
) and women (خواتین
)who will (گے
)produce (پیدا
)the next generations(نسلوں
). I am (ہوں
)a boy (لڑکے
)and I have to admit (تسلیم
)that I learn (جاننے کے
)a lot about (کے بارے میں
)how to handle (کو سنبھالنا
)both boys (لڑکوں
)and girls(لڑکیوں
). I have a friend who studies (تعلیم
)in an all(تمام
)-boys’ school(اسکول
). He always (ہمیشہ
)asks (پوچھتا ہے
)me how I handle (کو سنبھالنا
)the girls. He is quite ignorant (جاہل
)about girls, for I have (ہے
)seen him being (کیا جا رہا ہے
)tongue-tied in front (سامنے
)of girls. None (کوئی نہیں
)of my classmates(ہم جماعتوں
) have such a problem(مسئلہ
).




































The one big (بڑا
)disadvantage (نقصان
)about (کے بارے میں
)having boys (لڑکوں
)and girls(لڑکیوں
) in the same (اسی
)class (کلاس
)is when (جب
)we go for physical (جسمانی
)education(تعلیم
). Boys (لڑکوں
)and (اور
)girls (لڑکیوں
)just (صرف
)cannot (نہیں کر سکتے ہیں
)do the same (اسی
)type (قسم
)of exercise (ورزش
)or play (کھیلنے کے
)the same(اسی
) game together(مل کر
). So we need (کی ضرورت
)to have two (دو
)teachers(اساتذہ
), one for (کے لئے
)the boys (لڑکوں
)and (اور
)one for the girls(لڑکیوں
). Our headmaster (ہیڈ ماسٹر
)has (ہے
)come (آ
)up with the ingenious (ہوشیار
)solution (حل
)of having (ہونے
)two classes (کلاس
)doing (کر
)P.E. at the same time (وقت
)so that the boys and girls from each (ہر
)class combine together (مل کر
)under one (ایک
)teacher (استاد
)each(ہر
).










































Another (دوسرے
)advantage (فائدہ
)of a co-education school (اسکول
)becomes (ہو جاتا ہے
)obvious when (جب
)the school (اسکول
)holds the school (اسکول
)sports, concerts (محافل موسیقی
)and other (دیگر
)functions(افعال
). In sports a co-education school (اسکول
)can see full participation (شرکت
)from (سے
)both sexes(جنسوں
). Also the (...
)harder physical (جسمانی
)work of preparing (تیاری
)for a sports meet (سے ملاقات
)can be done by (کی طرف سے
)the boys while the gentler tasks of preparing (تیاری
)food and drinks as well as serving (کی خدمت
)guests (مہمانوں
)are best left to the girls. The boys (لڑکوں
)and girls (لڑکیوں
)get to learn (جاننے کے
)their social (سماجی
)roles(کردار
).



























In concerts (محافل موسیقی
)and other (دیگر
)functions (افعال
)(افعال
)it is undoubted (...
)that both (دونوں
)boys and girls are needed(ضرورت
). In a co-education (تعلیم
)school (اسکول
)there is no problem (مسئلہ
)of finding (کی تلاش
)the persons (افراد
)to take part. However (تاہم
)in an all-boys(لڑکوں
)’ or an all-girls’ school(اسکول
), they will have to “borrow(قرضے لینے کی
)” the necessary (ضروری
)boys or girls (لڑکیوں
)in order to run (چلانے
)their functions. I myself and other boys have (ہے
)had to go and serve our all-girls neighbor (پڑوسی
)for some (کچھ
)of their functions(افعال
). I have (ہے
)to admit I thoroughly enjoyed my duties there, for the girls there really appreciate (کی تعریف
)our help thus lavishing (...
)their attention (توجہ
)on us. I suspect (شبہ
)that they (وہ
)enjoy our being there too.





























Our girls (لڑکیوں
)too get to go and (اور
)help out at an all(تمام
)-boys’ school. I am (ہوں
)sure they (وہ
)enjoy themselves (خود
)too.






I have not studied (مطالعہ
)in an all-boys’ school before (سے پہلے
)so I do not really (واقعی
)know (معلوم
)what sort of situation (صورتحال
)exists there. However (تاہم
)I would not change my place here for anything (کچھ
)else. It is definitely (یقینی طور پر
)better to have girls around (کے ارد گرد
)than to see (دیکھ
)only boys everyday(ہر روز
).










